/* 
   Description: Simple server program with intentional vulnerabilities for
   learning purposes.
  
   WARNING: Do not use this code as an example to write your own production
   server application. This is toy code, and is not robust. It WILL allow
   attackers to gain access to your machine.
  
   LICENSE: BSD-style (without the advertising clause)

   To Compile under Windows:
     cl vuln_server.c /link ws2_32.lib

   To Compile under Linux or Cygwin:
     make vuln_server

   To Compile under Sun:
     gcc -lsocket -lnsl vuln_server

   Running:
     From one command prompt, type "vuln_server 5700"
     From another prompt, type "telnet 127.0.0.1 5700"

   Buffer overflow exercises:
   1. What happens when you type in the string "Hello world!"?
      (You'll need to apply this knowledge in the format string exercises)
   2. Type in a long string (more than 100 characters). 
      It should crash. Where is the buffer overflow?
   3. Fix the buffer overflow, recompile, and demonstrate that it doesn't  
      crash on long input lines any more.
   4. Bonus: Can you get a shell?
   
   Format string exercises:
   1. Where is the format string problem?
   2. How do you crash the program? Hint: use %s
   3. How do you print the contents of memory to divulge the secret which  
      is 0xdeadc0de? Hint: use %08x
   4. Bonus: Can you change the contents of "secret" without crashing the
      program?
   5. Bonus: Can you get a shell?
 */

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdarg.h>

#ifdef _WIN32
#  include <winsock2.h>
#else
#  include <sys/types.h>
#  include <sys/socket.h>
#  include <netinet/in.h>
#  include <unistd.h>
#  define SOCKET int
#endif



#define END_LINE '\n'

void logit(FILE *fp, char *client, char *message);
int read_line(int fd, char *buf, int buf_size);
void reverse(char *dest, const char *source);
int write_client(int fd, const char *fmt, ...);
void winsock_init();

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
    SOCKET listenfd, sockfd;
    int clientLen, serverPort;
    char reversed_line[100];
    struct sockaddr_in clientAddress, serverAddress;
    char line[500];
    FILE *fpLog = NULL;
    int secret = 0xDEADC0DE;
    int clientQuit = 0;

    if (argc != 2)
    {
        printf("Usage: %s <port>\n", argv[0]);
        return 1;
    }
#ifdef _WIN32
    winsock_init();
#endif

    serverPort = atoi(argv[1]);
    /* create socket */
    listenfd = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
    if ( listenfd < 0 )
    {
        perror("socket error ");
        return 1;
    }

    /* bind server port */
    memset(&serverAddress, 0, sizeof(serverAddress));
    serverAddress.sin_family = AF_INET;
    // serverAddress.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
    serverAddress.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");
    serverAddress.sin_port = htons(serverPort);

    if ( -1 == bind(listenfd, (struct sockaddr *) &serverAddress, sizeof(serverAddress)) )
    {
        perror("bind error");
        return 1;
    }

    if (-1 == listen(listenfd, 5))
    {
        perror("listen error");
        return 1;
    }

    fpLog = fopen("server.log", "w");
    if (fpLog == NULL)
    {
        perror("couldn't open server.log for writing");
        return 1;
    }

    while ( ! clientQuit )
    {
        printf("%s: waiting for connection on TCP port %u\n\n", argv[0], serverPort);

        clientLen = sizeof(clientAddress);
        sockfd = accept(listenfd, (struct sockaddr *) &clientAddress, &clientLen);
        if ( -1 == sockfd )
        {
            perror("error accepting connection ");
            return 1;
        }

        write_client(sockfd, "Type QUIT on a line by itself to quit\n");

        /* init line */
        memset(line, 0, sizeof(line));

        clientQuit = 0;
        while ( !clientQuit &&  read_line(sockfd, line, sizeof(line)) != 0)
        {
            printf( "%s:%d %s\n", 
                    inet_ntoa(clientAddress.sin_addr),
                    ntohs(clientAddress.sin_port), 
                    line);
            if (0 == strncmp(line, "QUIT", 4))
            {
                clientQuit = 1;
                write_client(sockfd, "Goodbye\n");
                close(sockfd);
            }
            else
            {
                reverse(reversed_line, line);
                write_client(sockfd, reversed_line);
                write_client(sockfd, "\n");
                // logit(fpLog, inet_ntoa(clientAddress.sin_addr), line);
            }
            memset(line, 0, sizeof(line));
        }
    }
#ifdef _WIN32
    WSACleanup();
#endif
}

int write_client(int fd, const char *fmt, ...)
{
    va_list args;
    char message[100];

    if (fmt == NULL)
        return 0;
    va_start(args, fmt);
#ifdef _WIN32
    vsprintf(message, fmt, args);
#else
    vsnprintf(message, sizeof(message), fmt, args);
#endif
    va_end(args);
    return send(fd, message, strlen(message), 0);
}

int read_line(int fd, char *buf, int buf_size)
{
    int nleft, nread, buf_len;

    nleft = buf_size;
    while (nleft > 0)
    {
        if ((nread = recv(fd, buf, nleft, 0)) < 0)
        {
            return nread;
        }
        else if (nread == 0)
        {
            break;
        }
        nleft -= nread;
        buf += nread;
        if (*(buf - 1) == END_LINE)
        {
            break;
        }
    }
    buf_len = buf_size - nleft;
    if (buf_len > 0)
    {
        *(buf - 1) = '\0';
    }

    return buf_len;
}

void logit(FILE *fp, char *client, char *message)
{
    fprintf(fp, "%s", client);
    fprintf(fp, message);
    fprintf(fp, "\n");
    fflush(fp);
}

void reverse(char *dest, const char *source)
{
    int len, i;
    len = strlen(source);
    i = 0;
    while (len > 0)
    {
        dest[i++] = source[--len];
    }
    dest[i] = '\0';
}

#ifdef _WIN32
void winsock_init()
{
    static WSADATA wsaData;    
    int wsaret;

    if (WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2,2), &wsaData) != NO_ERROR)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "Couldn't start winsock\n");
        WSACleanup();
        exit(1);
    }
}
#endif